Framing

Like hierarchy, framing is a way to highlight what really matters. I always confuse framing with cropping. But after looking this up, framing is how a photo is shown and cropping is cutting certain aspects of the photo. So, if you take a picture of a cow, for example, you'd possibly frame it by putting the cow, that is eating grass, in the middle of the picture. Cropping would be to cut out the cow's legs (metaphorically) and only use the top half for whatever reason.

Examples:

Sources

http://www.gdbasics.com/html/framing/framing.html

https://videohive.net/item/hands-join-together-to-make-finger-framing/8517335

http://photographyblogger.net/framing/